In　this　article,　vibration　characteristics　and　active　vibration　control　(AVC)　of　an　axially　moving　cantilever　structure　are　investigated.　First,　the　vibration　equation　of　an　axially　moving　cantilever　beam　with　variable　length　and　tip　mass　is　derived　from　the　Lagrange　equation　of　the　second　kind.　The　natural　frequencies　and　modes　of　vibration　are　calculated　by　solving　a　differential　equation.　Then,　in　order　to　suppress　the　transverse　vibration　of　the　axially　moving　cantilever　structure,　piezoelectric　(PZT)　ceramics　are　used　as　actuator　in　combination　with　proportional　plus　derivative　(PD)　or　fuzzy　algorithm　to　build　a　closed-loop　feedback　system.　The　simulation　of　AVC　with　two　controllers　is　implemented　using　a　commercially　available　software　platform.　The　numerical　examples　illustrate　that　velocity　and　tip　mass　significantly　affect　vibration　characteristics.　The　simulation　results　suggest　that　the　PZT　actuator　is　effective　to　suppress　vibration.