Translated Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) is myeloid hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells of malignant clonal disease, as with distinct cell morphology, immunology, genetics, molecular biology characteristics of cells, leading to patient treatment with different reactivity effect. Therefore, individualized treatment plan based on clinical features and genetic and molecular characteristics of the development is the most scientific, the most reasonable. Although there are a lot of different literature compare the efficacy of chemotherapy as well, but the lack of comparative studies of different risk.
Objective:
1.Comparison of risk stratification TA (Therarubicin and cytarabine), MA (mitoxantrone and cytarabine) and pre-excitation (granulocyte colony stimulating factor combined with low-dose cytarabine and Homoharringtonine or doxorubicin) induction regimens in previously untreated AML (non-APL) patients the efficacy and safety.
2.Comparison of different dose strengths induction regimen based on risk stratification in de novo AML (non-APL) patients the efficacy and safety.
3. Comparison of different risk stratification of different doses of Ara-C treatment on strengthening consolidation difference AML (non-APL) in patients with recent survival (follow-up 1 year).
4. Analysis of AML (non-AML) patients earlier (1 year) risk factors for recurrence.
Methods:
Collect the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Hematology September 2009 - February 2015 hospitalized 140 cases the layered clear, full course of treatment ,≥ 1 year follow-up de novo AML (non-APL) patients, all patients underwent bone marrow smear sheet, staining, immunophenotype, chromosome fusion and genetic screening, gene mutations prognostic evaluation and other tests are in line with MICM classification diagnosis.
1.Referring to our expert consensus guidelines for diagnosis and treatment and 140 patients with risk stratification, divided into low-risk and high-risk groups of two. First, according to accept different induction regimens, respectively, in low-risk patients were divided into endanger TA, MA with regimens containing granulocyte colonystimulating factor program three groups were compared. Summarize the difference between different induction regimens efficacy. Referring to expert consensus of the disease and treatment guidelines for risk stratification 140 patients, divided into low-risk, high-risk groups. Based on acceptance of different induction regimens, respectively, in low endanger medium / high-risk groups were compared according to the TA, MA with the regimens containing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group program Sanya group. Summarize the difference between different induction regimens efficacy
2. Induction chemotherapy will mitoxantrone (MIT) 8mg / d × 3d or Therarubicin( THP) 50mg / d × 3d, combined with cytarabine (Ara-C)150mg / d × 5d is defined as moderate doses below this dose were defined for the lower dose group, were higher than the dose to a high dose groups, respectively, in low-risk and medium / high-risk groups were compared according to three doses of intensity subgroups. Summarize the different dose strengths inducing effect of the recent distinction between programs.
3. When consolidation chemotherapy, the Ara-C 100-200mg / m2 q12h × 3d joint anthracycline defined as the standard dose group, Arc-C1-2g / m2 q12h × 3d anthracycline drugs middle dose group, one with Arc-c2-3g / m2 q12h × 3d large dose group. All patients underwent 4-6 courses of consolidation therapy to strengthen, respectively, in low / moderate-risk and high-risk groups were compared according to three kinds of cytarabine dosage strength subgroups. Summarize the different dose strengths consolidation program between 1-year survival difference.
4. To determine the efficacy of Zhang Nan, "Hematology diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation" as the standard, divided into CR (complete remission), PR (partial response), NR (no remission). Comparisons based on risk stratification of different induction regimens, CR rate and the RR rate different dose strengths of induction regimen (total efficiency RR = CR + PR); 1-year OS different dose strengths consolidation program (overall survival), RFS ( relapse-free survival), EFS (event-free survival). Adverse determination with reference to WHO "antineoplastic common toxicity grading standards," were compared based on risk stratification between different induction regimens, dose intensity between different induction regimens, dose intensity between different consolidation programs side effects.
5. Conclusion earlier (1 year) Baseline characteristics of patients with recurrent (gender, age, FAB classification, chromosome, gene fusion, induced initial treatment plan, initial treatment with CR treatment, consolidation treatment dosage of Ara-C), analysis AML (non-APL) in patients with earlier (1 year) risk factors for recurrence.
All data are used SPSS19.0 statistical package in place. Descriptive statistics using mean ± standard deviation or median; measurement data between groups were compared using the
test or Mann-Whitney nonparametric test; used to compare rates between groups Pearsonχ2 corrected χ2 test or continuous test; sample size <40 by using Fisher exact test; 1-year survival using Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the two groups were compared using log-rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. P values were taken bilaterally, P <0.05 was considered statistically significance .
Results:
1. The comparison is based on risk stratification of different types of induction regimen
1) the low-risk group, TA subgroup CR rate of 69.23% (9/13), PR rate of 23.07% (3/13), RR rate of 92.30% (12/13); MA subgroup CR rate of 70.00% (7 / 10), PR rate (2/10) 20.00%, RR rate of 90% (9/10); pre-excitation subgroup CR rate of 85.71% (12/14), PR rate of 14.29% (2/14), RR 100 % (14/14). Sanya group CR rate and the RR rate difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).
Adverse reactions:TA, MA, pre-excitation program myelosuppression degree and duration of IV degree of toxicity, non-hematologic adverse reactions was no significant difference.
2)In the medium / high risk group:TA subgroup CR rate of 66.67% (22/33), PR rate of 24.24% (8/33), RR rate of 90.91% (30/33); MA subgroup CR rate of 32.61% (15/46), PR rate of 39.13% (18/46), RR rate of 71.74% (33/46); pre-excitation subgroup CR rate of 33.33% (8/24), PR rate of 33.33% (8/24), RR rate of 66.67% (16/24). TA subgroup CR rate and RR were significantly better than the pre-excitation MA subgroups and subgroups (CR rate: 63.45% vs 23.91% vs 25%; RR rate: 90.91% vs 67.39% vs 58.33%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); and the MA sub-group and sub-group pre-excitation CR rate and RR rate was no significant difference (P> 0.05).
Adverse reactions:MA subgroup lowest WBC, ANC <0.5 × 109 / L and PLT <25 × 109 / L duration was higher than the other two subgroups, MA group of cardiac toxicity than the other two subgroups incidence, the difference was statistically significance (P <0.05), bone marrow suppression program prompts MA degree higher than the other two groups.
2. Based on the stratification of risk to compare different dose strengths induction regimens.
1)The low-risk group: Low dose group CR rate of 66.67% (6/9), PR rate of 22.22% (2/9), RR rate of 88.89% (8/9); mid-dose subgroup CR rate of 70.59% (12/17), PR rate of 23.53% (4/17), RR rate of 94.12% (16/17); high dose group CR rate of 90.91% (10/11), PR rate of 9.10% (1/11), RR rate of 100% (11 / 11). Three groups CR rate and RR rate difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05).
Adverse reactions:High dose group WBC, PLT lowest value and ANC <0.5 × 109 / L and PLT <25 × 109 / L were higher than the duration of the other two sub-groups, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); non-hematologic adverse reactions was no significant difference among the three groups (P> 0.05). Tips will increase after the increase in the dose of bone marrow suppression.
2)In the medium / high risk group:Low dose group CR rate of 24.00% (6/25), PR rate of 24.00% (6/25), RR rate of 48.00% (12/25); mid-dose subgroup CR rate of 51.35% (19/37), PR rate of 35.13% (13/37), RR rate of 86.49% (32/37); high dose group CR rate of 48.78% (20/41), PR rate of 36.59% (15/41), RR rate of 85.37% (35 / 41). Middle dose group and high dose group of CR rate and RR rate than the lower dose group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); while the moderate dose group and high dose group CR rate comparison and RR were not statistically different (P> 0.05).
Adverse reactions:The higher dose group HB, ANC lowest value and duration of neutropenia is higher than the other two sub-groups, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); but the three groups III-IV myelosuppression incidence difference was not significant ( P> 0.05), WBC, PLT lowest value and HB, WBC, PLT IV myelosuppression between duration Sanya group showed no significant difference (P> 0.05); tips for medium / high-risk groups, increase the dose, and no significant increase in bone marrow the degree of inhibition.
3. Based on risk stratification of different doses of Ara-C to strengthen the consolidation of 1-year survival compared.
1) within low / medium risk group: Standard dose group, middle dose group, high dose group complete remission were: 223 days (30-365 days), 293 days (90-365 days), 331 days (180-365 days); early recurrence rate to 64.28%, 53.57%, 29.41%; 1-year OS rates were: 32.1%, 60.7%, 85.3%; RFS rates were: 28.60%, 46.40%, 70.60%; EFS rates were: 21.4%, 50% , 70.60%; 1-year survival curve showed OS, RFS, EFS, the large dose group were better than the standard dose group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), while the high-dose group than in sub-dose group (P=0.000,0.001,0.000).
Adverse reactions:Between Sanya Group IV myelosuppression incidence by statistical analysis the difference was not significant (P> 0.05); high dose group HB, ANC lowest value and the WBC, ANC minimum value duration are more important than the other two sub-groups, the difference was significant sex (P <0.05), high-dose subgroup of respiratory infection than the other two subgroups (P <0.05), after symptomatic treatment can be improved, no treatment-related mortality. Room standard dose group and middle-dose group and the degree of bone marrow suppression non-hematologic adverse reactions was no significant difference (P> 0.05).
2) in the high-risk group, the standard dose group, middle dose group, high dose group complete remission were: 120 days (0-365 days); 270 days (30-365 days); 210 days (0-365 day); early recurrence rates were 87.5%, 87.5%, 83.33%; 1-year OS rates were 37.5%, 37.5%, 38.9%; RFS rates were: 12.50%, 12.50%, 16.70%; EFS rates were 25.0%, 25.0%, 27.80%, among the three 1-year OS, RFS, EFS was no significant difference (P> 0.05).
Adverse reactions:high-dose subgroup HB, ANC, PLT lowest value and ANC <0.5 × 109 / L duration are more important than the other two sub-groups, the difference was significant (P <0.05); large dose group heart damage was higher than the other two subgroups (P <0.05), but the III-IV of the incidence of cardiac toxicity between Sanya group difference was not significant (P> 0.05). Other non-hematological adverse reaction incidence was not statistically significant (P> 0.05) between groups of Sanya
4. Analysis of the earlier (1 year) risk factors for recurrence.
1) Univariate analysis showed that age, risk stratification, WBC count, LDH at diagnosis value at diagnosis, whether the merger hepatosplenomegaly, induction regimen dose intensity, the initial treatment of CR number of courses, the first 21 days after CR PLT count consolidate risk factors for early recurrence of AML patients than Ara-C treatment dose intensity is affected.
2) Multivariate analysis showed that the risk stratification, LDH values at diagnosis, the dose induction regimen intensity, the number of newly diagnosed of CR treatment, 21 days after the CR PLT count, consolidation treatment Ara-C dose intensity affect AML independent risk factors (non-APL) in patients with early recurrence.
Conclusion:
1.AML (non-APL) induced by the choice of chemotherapy. Low-risk group of patients, TA, MA, no priming regimen efficacy significantly different; medium / high-risk patients, TA was significantly higher than the MA and priming regimen CR and RR rate, adverse reactions and severe bone marrow suppression was no significant increase in the effective and safety are worth preferable..
2.AML (non-APL) induced choose intensity of chemotherapy programs. Low-risk group of patients, the efficacy of different dose strengths was no significant difference, to improve the strength of induction chemotherapy does not improve efficacy. The high-risk group of patients / modified medium and high dose intensity CR and RR was significantly higher than the lower dose group, significant improvement in dose intensity to ensure that short-term effect but no significant increase in adverse events, suggesting that induction chemotherapy require adequate doses of medication to reduce the intensity Effect of short-term effect.
3.We improved "3 + 5" program and the induction of new improved priming chemotherapy effect is not inferior to standard "3 + 7" standard induction regimen and pre-excitation program, and reduce adverse reactions, increased security
4.AML (non-APL) after remission strengthen choose consolidation program. Low / medium-risk group of patients, insist on at least 4-6 treatment, the high-dose consolidation chemotherapy strengthening Arac-C can significantly improve patients' OS, RFS and EFS, reduce the rate of early relapse, related side effects can be tolerated, feasible, it is worth implementation in clinical practice. For high-risk patients is recommended as early as possible after obtaining the CR1 allo-HSCT.
5.AML (non-APL) risk stratification of low / intermediate risk, initial LDH value <500IU/L, remission induction when a sufficient amount of the drug dose application of CR 2 courses, after days of CR 21 PLT count ≥100 × 109 / L, consolidate the choice of medium / high-dose Ara-C patients with sustained remission is appropriate to extend the treatment time, a key factor in reducing recurrence.