Translated Abstract
Theme: Re-exploration of the Causes for the Ups and Downs of Han Fei zi’s DoctrineSpeciality: Chinese PhilosophyApplicant for the degree: Xang MingruiInstructing adviser: Professor Chen XuekaiAbstractA Purpose and Significance of the researchPurpose:Theory of Han Fei Zi has been unfairly treated in the majority time of the Chinese history. No matter it has been praised or debased, there always exist such tendencies in the attitude of pragmatism, simplification and emotionalism, in the method of simplification, sectarianism and the rote and in the conclusion of dogmatism , generalization, lower reliability and blurriness and so on . The existing researches and commentaries have had many negative impacts in the past or at present time. On one hand, they are unable to explain convincingly the reasons on the historical fact that the Qin country and the Qin Dynasty (the Qin Empire) obtained the such huge achievements and the far-reaching influence on the history in the system construction and the material civilization construction , on the other hand , they are unable to eliminate many people’s suspicions at those works to appraise the Han Fei Zi theory, especially unable to reveal some of the historical riddles related with the legalist school and so on. Therefore, this research attempts to improve the present academic actualities about the researches to Han Fei Zi’s theory, through discussing the reasons about the ups and downs of Han Fei Zi’s theory from multiple angles.Significance:To discuss the reasons of the ups and downs of Han Fei Zi’s theory with as many perspectives as possible , it is helpful to restore the original practical situation nation-ruling of Qin Dynasty, thus to explain more phenomenon related with the political and cultural activities, and to clarify those long-standing misunderstandings, dismemberments and individual emotionalism commentaries about Han Fei Zi’s theory in the academic circles, in order to understand the characteristics and the spirit of Han Fei Zi’s theory triumphantly, correctly, especially find the reason of its vitality and the shortcomings, thus providing the reasonable basis for strengthening the academic research about the legalist school again, finally cheering for the arrival of the new legalist school. B research contents outlineThis article has made the theoretical analysis and historical argument of the ups and downs of Han’s Theory from three aspects. This article elaborates separately the vitality of Han’s theory, analyses the relationship between Han’s theory and the ups and downs of the Qin Empire and expounds the intrinsic flaws of Han’s theory. To elaborate about the vitality of Han Fei Zi’s theory, this article studies the social background and cultural precondition of the formation of Han Fei Zi’s theory, the foremost mission and the main characteristics of Han’s theory, the spiritual essences of Han’s theory, the historical destiny of Han’s theory, and so on. About the analysis and debate on the relationship between Han’s theory and the ups and downs of the Qin Dynasty, this article uses the reliable literature, the correlation works and the related archaeology materials to analyze reasons of the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, these reasons are compared with the correlative ideas of the legalist school, especially Han’s theory, and a conclusion is finally reached: the unity of the six nations by Qin Empire is the symbol of the victory of the Qin Empire’s military culture and Shang Yang’s thought, while the fast decay of Qin empire is attributed to the severe calamities and conflicts from the Qin ruler who violates the spiritual essence of Han’s theory. About the analysis to the flaws of Han’s theory, it is completed through analyzing the mechanical relations between Dao-li theory (the theory of the Way of Heaven, metaphysical doctrine) and Jun-dao theory (the theory of the Way of king, ruling statecraft), the unilateral and biological observations of the human nature of Han Fei Zi and the intrinsic conflicts between law, statecraft and power. At last, the relationship of the limitation of Han’s thought pattern method and thought resources syncretism, the influences on the designing of nations ruling by the contradiction between idealism and realism, as well as the issue of the attitude, method, scope etc,on the discussion of Han Fei Zi’theory, is discussed. C ConclusionsThe popularity of Han Fei Zi’s theory lies in its being able to contrapose the social background,the cultural precondition, especially the theme of the that period——war，with the time characteristics,and put forward some of the nation-ruling strategies with some universal values. But his entire theory is only applicable for nation which is lead by the military culture and in urgent times. Neglecting its characteristics and the applicable precondition, Chin Shihhuang did not appropriately utilize it and cause the decline of its nation, and also give Han’s theory a bad reputation, and finally lost the chance to adjust and develop which in turn resulted to the decline of Han’s theory. The three spiritual essences of Han’s theory are worth the attention of the posterity, its several important characteristics are also worth being referred under some specific conditions, and the emphasis on both idealism and realism spirits should also be paid attention to, especially its encouragement system which has eternal reference value. A nation can’t be vigorous and creative without absorbing the spirit of the legalist school. So it is very necessary to strengthen the research of Han’s theory under the the current international and domestic situations. The new research should be objective, fair and a research with multiple perspectives. The new research needs to take the research of the primitive legalist school and the research of the new legalist school in both domestic and overseas, thus the academic prosperity and an integration of traditional culture and thought could come into being, and in the end, a beneficial reference could be provided for the construction of the modern legal society.Key words: Han Fei Zi(Han Fei Tzu) Theory, Ups and Downs, Causes, the Legalist SchoolType of Thesis: Theory Research
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